Hababka isku-darka ee walxaha kiciya falcelinta acrylate waxaa ugu horreyn ka mid ah esterification toos ah, transesterification, habka acid chloride, catalysis-ka wareejinta wejiga, iyo esterification ku darista. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan waxaa lagu soo saaraa esterification toos ah.
(1) Tixgelinta Tooska ah
CH₂=CHCOOH + ROH -catalyst→ CH₂=CHCOOR + H₂O
Kataliyayaasha si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo esterification-ka tooska ah waxaa ka mid ah aashitada sulfuric ee xoogga badan, aashitada p-toluenesulfonic, iyo aashitada methanesulfonic. Isticmaalka aashitada sulfuric ee xoogga badan sida esterification catalyst waxay inta badan kicisaa falcelinnada dhinaca sida fuuq-baxa, oksaydhka, iyo is-esterification-ka falgalayaasha. Tani waxay soo saartaa noocyo kala duwan oo wax soo saar ah, waxay dhibaysaa nadiifinta badeecada iyo soo kabashada walxaha ceeriin ah, waxay carqaladeysaa hababka daaweynta ka dib, waxayna wax u dhimaysaa tayada badeecada iyadoo qalabka wax ka beddelaysa. Sidaas darteed, PTSA waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka warshadaha ee hadda jira sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinkeeda, oo ay ku jiraan shuruudaha qiyaasta oo hooseeya, heerkulka falcelinta oo hooseeya, heerarka beddelka sare, iyo tayada badeecada oo sareysa. Marka la dhammeeyo falcelinta, kicinta si fudud ayaa looga sooci karaa badeecada, iyadoo la fududeynayo socodka hawsha. Biyaha la soo saaro inta lagu jiro falgalka esterification waxaa laga saaraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab azeotropic entrainer (wakiil fuuq-baxa). Qalabka caadiga ah ee la soo saaro waxaa ka mid ah benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, iyo n-heptane, kuwaas oo sameeya azeotropes biyaha falcelinta si ay u qaadaan. Alkanes waa qaali oo aad bay u kacsan yihiin; xylene waxay leedahay dhibic karkaraya oo sare; benzene waxay leedahay dhibic karkaraya oo hooseysa iyo isbeddel sare, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid adag in la soo kabto, waxayna muujisaa sun badan. Sidaa darteed, toluene guud ahaan waxaa loo doortaa inuu noqdo qalabka wax lagu soo saaro. Toluene waxay leedahay dhibic karkaraya oo ah 110°C iyo dhibic karkaraya oo ah 84°C oo ah biyo-toluene; si fudud ayay u ururtaa inta lagu jiro xoqidda dareeraha faakiyuumka, taasoo hubinaysa heer soo kabasho oo sare, sun ka yar benzene, iyo kharash dhaqaale ahaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, xayiraadaha sharciyeed ee ku saabsan dareeraha taxanaha benzene ee dahaarka, khad, iyo dhejisyada ayaa ku kallifay soosaarayaal badan inay ka saaraan toluene iyagoo u roon kuwa ku salaysan alkane. Waa in la soo bandhigaa daawooyinka ka hortagga polymerization inta lagu jiro habka esterification si looga hortago polymerization-ka dhicis ah ee monomer-ka acrylic acid iyo wax soo saarka acrylate ee ka dhasha. Daawooyinka ka hortagga ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah isku-dhafka phenolic (sida hydroquinone [HQ] iyo tert-butylhydroquinone [TBHQ]), isku-dhafka amine (sida phenothiazine iyo p-phenylenediamine), iyo isku-dhafka isku-dubaridka naxaasta (sida copper dimethyldiethyldithiocarbamate iyo copper dibutyl dithiocarbamate), oo si gaar ah ama qaab isku dhafan loo mariyo. Aalkolada sare ee alkyl, waxaa la isticmaali karaa esterification-ka dhalaalka. Habkani wuxuu meesha ka saarayaa baahida loo qabo qof wax ka beddelaya wuxuuna yareynayaa qiyaasta loo baahan yahay ee kaaliyayaasha iyo kuwa ka hortaga. Ka dib marka falcelinta dib-u-celinta lagu sameeyo heerkul ah 110–120°C, fuuq-baxa ayaa la sameeyaa, aashitada acrylic-ka ee aan falcelinta lahayn iyo biyaha harayna ugu dambeyntii waa la nadiifiyaa iyada oo loo marayo nadiifin faakiyuum ah, taasoo soo saarta alkyl acrylates sare oo leh nadiifnimo sare iyo wax-soo-saar sare.
(2) Kala-soocidda Transesterification
CH₂=CHCOOCH₃ + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + CH₃OH
Marka la diyaarinayo akrylates sare ama acrylates shaqeynaya iyada oo loo marayo transesterification, methyl acrylate waxaa caadi ahaan loo doortaa sidii walxaha bilowga alkyl ester-ka hoose. Sababtoo ah barta karkaraya ee hooseysa (80°C), esterification-ka waa in lagu sameeyaa heerkul hoose, taas oo dheereysa waqtiga falcelinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, methanol-ka wax soo saarka ka soo baxa wuxuu sameeyaa azeotrope oo leh methyl acrylate (barta karkaraya 62-63°C), kaas oo qaada methyl acrylate-ka fal-celinta sidaas darteedna wuxuu hoos u dhigaa wax-soo-saarka ester-ka sare ee bartilmaameedka ah. Methyl acrylate iyo acrylates sare waxay aad ugu nugul yihiin copolymerization iyo homopolymerization, taasoo sii yareyneysa wax-soo-saarka acrylates-ka sare; sidaas darteed, waxaa badanaa loo baahan yahay qiyaaso badan oo ka hortagayaasha ah. Sababtoo ah tixgelinta kharashka iyo dhibaatooyinka ka dambeeya daaweynta, habkan mar dambe looma isticmaalo ganacsi ahaan isku-darka akrylates sare iyo acrylates shaqeynaya.
(3) Habka Aashitada Koloriinta
CH₂=CHCOOH + SOCl₂ → CH₂=CHCOCl + HCl + CO₂
CH₂=CHCOCl + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + HCl
Habkani marka hore wuxuu la falgalaa asiidhka acrylic iyo thionyl chloride si uu u sameeyo acryloyl chloride, kaas oo markaa mara falgal esterification ah oo leh khamri. Uma baahna kiciyeyaal ama farsamoyaqaanno. Maadaama falgalku uu ku socdo heerkul hoose, waxaa sidoo kale laga fogaadaa ku darista polymerization inhibitors. Esterification wuxuu u socdaa si tiro ahaan ah, isagoo soo saaraya nadiifnimo badeecad oo heer sare ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa hab laba-tallaabo ah oo leh kharashyo wax soo saar oo sarreeya. Falgalku wuxuu soo saaraa mug weyn oo gaasaska HCl iyo SO₂ ah, taasoo u baahan nidaamyada xoqidda marxalado badan leh oo leh xalal alkaline ah oo khafiif ah iyo biyo si loo nuugo.
(4) Catalysis-ka Wareejinta Wajiga (PTC)
2CH₂=CH₃|C-COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + ClCH₂-CH₂O → CH₂=CH₃|C-COOCH₂-CH₂O + NaCl
Sodium methacrylate wuxuu u jiraa sidii mid adag, halka epichlorohydrin uu yahay dareere. Haddii uusan jirin wax kiciya, falcelinta u dhaxaysa waa mid aad u gaabis ah, taasoo u baahan isticmaalka kicinta wareejinta wejiga (PTC). Kataliyayaasha wareejinta wejiga ee ku habboon waxaa ka mid ah cusbada ammonium ee quaternary, cusbada phosphonium ee quaternary, iyo ethers-ka crown. Cusbada ammonium ee Quaternary ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan, sida cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), iyo tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Joogitaanka qoyaanka nidaamka falcelinta waxay kicisaa falcelinta dhinaca; sidaa darteed, si loo wanaajiyo wax soo saarka, labadaba walxaha ceeriin iyo nidaamka falcelinta waa in si adag loo ilaaliyaa oo qalalan.
(5) Kordhinta Tixgelinta
CH₂=R₁|C-COOH + CH₂-CH₂O-R₂ → CH₂=R₁|C-COO-CH₂-OH|CH₂-R₂
Marka si toos ah loogu soo geliyo ethylene oxide ama propylene oxide asiidhka (meth) acrylic acid iyadoo uu jiro kiciye, waxaa dhacda in lagu daro furitaanka giraanta, taasoo isku darka hydroxy (meth) acrylates (sida HEA, HEMA, HPA, ama HPMA). 
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-10-2026
