Iyadoo xiisaha loo qabo khad cusub oo UV LED ah iyo mid Dual-Cure UV ah, soosaarayaasha khad ee ugu horreeya ee tamarta lagu daweyn karo ayaa rajo wanaagsan ka qaba mustaqbalka tignoolajiyada.
Suuqa lagu daaweyn karo tamarta - ultraviolet (UV), UV LED iyo electron beam (EB) cooling- waxay ahayd suuq xooggan muddo dheer, maadaama waxqabadka iyo faa'iidooyinka deegaanka ay horseedeen kobaca iibka ee codsiyo badan.
Iyadoo tiknoolajiyada daaweynta tamarta loo isticmaalo suuqyo badan, khadadka iyo farshaxanka sawirku waxay ka mid ahaayeen qaybaha ugu waaweyn.
"Laga bilaabo baakadaha ilaa calaamadaha, calaamadaha, iyo daabacaadda ganacsiga, khadadaha UV-ga ee la daweeyay waxay bixiyaan faa'iidooyin aan la barbar dhigi karin marka la eego hufnaanta, tayada, iyo waaritaanka deegaanka,"Jayashri Bhadane, Transparency Market Research IncBhadane wuxuu qiyaasayaa in suuqu uu gaari doono $4.9 bilyan oo iib ah dhammaadka 2031, iyadoo CAGR uu yahay 9.2% sannadkii.
Soosaarayaasha khad ee ugu horreeya ee laga heli karo tamarta ayaa sidoo kale rajo wanaagsan leh. Derrick Hemmings, maareeyaha wax soo saarka, shaashadda, dabacsanaanta la daweyn karo tamarta, LED Waqooyiga Ameerika,Kiimikada Qorraxda, ayaa sheegay in inkastoo qaybta la daweyn karo tamarta ay sii kordheyso, haddana teknoolojiyadaha jira qaarkood ayaa noqday kuwo aan si fiican loo isticmaalin, sida UV-ga dhaqameed iyo khadadaha caadiga ah ee lagu dahaadhay codsiyada.
Hideyuki Hinataya, oo ah madaxa waaxda iibka khadka dibaddaT&K Toka, oo inta badan ku jirta qaybta khad ee la daweyn karo tamarta, ayaa xustay in iibka khadyada daweynaya tamarta ay sii kordhayaan marka loo eego khadadaha saliidda ku salaysan ee caadiga ah.
Zeller+Gmelin sidoo kale waa khabiir ku takhasusay daaweynta tamarta; Tim Smith oo ka tirsanZeller+Gmelin'sKooxda Maareynta Waxsoosaarka ayaa xustay in faa'iidooyinkooda deegaanka, hufnaanta, iyo waxqabadka awgeed, warshadaha daabacaaddu ay si isa soo taraysa u qaadanayaan khad-hagaajinta tamarta, sida teknoolojiyada UV iyo LED.
"Khadadkani waxay soo saaraan iskudhisyo dabiici ah oo hooseeya (VOCs) marka loo eego khadadaha dareeraha ah, iyagoo la jaanqaadaya xeerarka deegaanka ee adag iyo yoolalka waara," Smith ayaa tilmaamay. "Waxay bixiyaan daaweyn degdeg ah iyo isticmaalka tamarta oo yaraaday, taasoo kor u qaadaysa wax soo saarka.
"Sidoo kale, isku-dhejintooda sare, cimri dhererkooda, iyo iska caabbinta kiimikada ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan baakadaha iyo calaamadaha CPG," ayuu raaciyay Smith. "In kasta oo ay jiraan kharashyo bilow ah oo sarreeya, waxtarka hawlgalka muddada-dheer iyo horumarinta tayada ay keenaan waxay caddayn u yihiin maalgashiga. Zeller+Gmelin waxay qaadatay isbeddelkan ku wajahan khad-dab-u-samaynta tamarta oo ka tarjumaya ballanqaadka warshadaha ee hal-abuurka, waaritaanka, iyo buuxinta baahiyaha isbeddelaya ee macaamiisha iyo hay'adaha sharciyeynta."
Anna Niewiadomska, maareeyaha suuqgeynta caalamiga ah ee shabakada cidhiidhiga ah,Kooxda Flint, ayaa sheegay in xiisaha iyo kobaca mugga iibka ee khadadaha lagu daweyn karo tamarta ay sameeyeen horumar weyn 20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, taasoo ka dhigaysa habka daabacaadda ugu badan ee qaybta shabakadda cidhiidhiga ah.
"Dabeecadaha korriinkan waxaa ka mid ah tayada daabacaadda oo la hagaajiyay iyo sifooyinka, kordhinta wax soo saarka, iyo yaraanta tamarta iyo qashinka, gaar ahaan marka la bilaabayo UV LED," ayuu yiri Niewiadomska. "Intaa waxaa dheer, khadadaha tamarta lagu daweyn karo waxay la kulmi karaan - badanaana way ka badan karaan - tayada warqadda iyo hagaajinta waxayna keeni karaan astaamo daabacan oo la xoojiyay oo ku yaal noocyo kala duwan oo substrate ah marka loo eego dabacsanaanta biyaha ku salaysan."
Niewiadomska ayaa intaa ku dartay in maadaama qiimaha tamarta uu kordhayo iyo baahida waara ay sii socoto inay noqoto mid muhiim ah, qaadashada UV-ga la daweyn karo ee tamarta lagu daweyn karo iyo khad laba-laaban ayaa sii kordheysa.
"Waxa xiiso leh, waxaan aragnaa xiisaha sii kordhaya ee ka imanaya daabacayaasha shabakadaha cidhiidhiga ah laakiin sidoo kale daabacayaasha ballaaran iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee flexo ee raadinaya inay lacag ku badbaadiyaan tamarta oo ay yareeyaan raadkooda kaarboon," Niewiadomska ayaa sii waday.
"Waxaan sii wadeynaa inaan aragno xiisaha suuqa ee khadadka iyo dahaarka daaweynta tamarta oo ku baahsan codsiyo iyo substrates kala duwan," Bret Lessard, maareeyaha khadka wax soo saarka eeShirkadda INX International Ink Co., ayaa lagu soo warramey. "Xawaaraha wax soo saarka ee dhaqsaha badan iyo saameynta deegaanka ee hoos u dhacday ee ay bixiyaan khadadkani waxay si xooggan ula jaanqaadayaan diiradda macaamiisheenna."
Fabian Köhn, madaxa caalamiga ah ee maaraynta wax soo saarka shabakadda ee cidhiidhiga ahSiegwerk, ayaa sheegay in iyadoo iibinta khadadaha daaweynta tamarta ee Mareykanka iyo Yurub ay hadda hakad ku jiraan, Siegwerk wuxuu arkayaa suuq aad u firfircoon oo leh qayb sii kordheysa oo UV ah oo ku taal Aasiya.
"Mashiinnada cusub ee flexo hadda waxaa si weyn loogu qalabeeyay laambadaha LED-ka, macaamiil badanna waxay horeyba u maalgelinayeen daaweynta UV ama LED-ka sababtoo ah hufnaanta sare marka loo eego mashiinnada daabacaadda ee caadiga ah," ayuu yiri Köhn.
Kororka Nalalka UV-ga
Waxaa jira saddex tiknoolajiyadood oo ugu muhiimsan oo hoos yimaada dalladda tamarta lagu daweyn karo. UV iyo UV LED ayaa ah kuwa ugu weyn, iyadoo EB ay aad uga yar yihiin. Tartanka xiisaha leh wuxuu u dhexeeyaa UV iyo UV LED, kaas oo ah mid cusub oo si xawli ah u koraya.
"Waxaa jira ballanqaad sii kordhaya oo ka imanaya daabacayaasha si loogu daro UV LED qalabka cusub iyo kuwa dib loo habeeyay," ayuu yiri Jonathan Graunke, Ku-xigeenka Tiknoolajiyadda UV/EB iyo kaaliyaha agaasimaha R&D ee INX International Ink Co. "Isticmaalka UV-ga dhamaadka-riixitaanka wali waa mid baahsan si loo dheellitiro wax soo saarka kharashka/waxqabadka, gaar ahaan dahaarka."
Köhn wuxuu tilmaamay in sidii sanadihii hore, UV LED uu si ka dhakhso badan u korayo UV-ga caadiga ah, gaar ahaan Yurub, halkaas oo kharashyada tamarta sare ay u dhaqmaan sidii kicinta tiknoolajiyada LED-ka.
"Halkan, daabacayaashu waxay inta badan maalgashadaan tiknoolajiyada LED-ka si ay u beddelaan nalalka UV-ga ee duugoobay ama xitaa mashiinnada daabacaadda oo dhan," ayuu raaciyay Köhn. "Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan sidoo kale aragnaa isbeddel xooggan oo ku aaddan daadinta LED-ka ee suuqyada sida Hindiya, Koonfur-bari Aasiya iyo Latin Ameerika, halka Shiinaha iyo Mareykanku ay horey u muujiyeen suuq sare oo LED ah."
Hinataya wuxuu sheegay in daabacaadda UV LED ay korodhay. "Sababaha arrintan loo aaneynayo waxaa lagu qiyaasay inay yihiin kororka qiimaha korontada iyo beddelka laga bilaabo nalalka meerkuriga ilaa nalalka LED," ayuu raaciyay Hinataya.
Jonathan Harkins oo ka tirsan Kooxda Maareynta Waxsoosaarka ee Zeller+Gmelin ayaa sheegay in tignoolajiyada UV LED ay ka sarreyso kobaca daaweynta UV-ga dhaqameed ee warshadaha daabacaadda.
"Kobacani waxaa sabab u ah faa'iidooyinka UV LED, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka tamarta oo hooseeya, cimri dheer oo LED-yada ah, hoos u dhaca wax soo saarka kulaylka, iyo awoodda lagu daaweeyo noocyo badan oo substrate ah iyada oo aan waxyeello u geysan walxaha xasaasiga u ah kulaylka," ayuu raaciyay Harkins.
"Faa'iidooyinkani waxay la jaan qaadayaan diiradda sii kordheysa ee warshadaha ee ku aaddan waaritaanka iyo hufnaanta," ayuu yiri Harkins. "Sidaas darteed, daabacayaashu waxay si isa soo taraysa u maalgashadaan qalabka ku daraya tiknoolajiyada daaweynta LED-ka. Isbeddelkan wuxuu ka muuqdaa qaadashada degdegga ah ee suuqa ee nidaamyada UV LED ee suuqyada daabacaadda ee kala duwan ee Zeller+Gmelin, oo ay ku jiraan tiknoolajiyada flexographic, dry offset, iyo litho-printing. Isbeddelku wuxuu ka tarjumayaa dhaqdhaqaaq warshadeed oo ballaaran oo loo qaaday xalal daabacaad oo deegaanka u wanaagsan oo kharash-ool ah, iyadoo tignoolajiyada UV LED ay hormuud ka tahay."
Hemmings wuxuu sheegay in UV LED ay sii waddo inay si weyn u korto iyadoo suuqu uu isbeddelayo si uu u daboolo baahiyaha waara ee sii kordhaya.
"Isticmaalka tamarta oo hooseeya, kharashka dayactirka oo hooseeya, awoodda lagu fududeeyo walxaha, iyo awoodda lagu maamulo agabka xasaasiga u ah kulaylka ayaa dhammaantood ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee keena isticmaalka khad UV LED ah," ayuu yiri Hemmings. "Labada beddele iyo milkiilayaasha summada labaduba waxay codsanayaan xalal badan oo UV LED ah, soosaarayaasha saxaafadda badankoodna hadda waxay soo saarayaan makiinado si fudud loogu beddeli karo UV LED si loo daboolo baahida."
Niewiadomska ayaa sheegtay in daadinta iftiinka UV LED ay si weyn u kortay saddexdii sano ee la soo dhaafay sababo la xiriira arrimo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kororka kharashka tamarta, baahida loo qabo in la yareeyo raadadka kaarboonka, iyo hoos u dhaca qashinka.
"Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan aragnaa noocyo badan oo dhammaystiran oo laambadaha UV LED ah oo suuqa yaal, iyagoo daabacayaasha iyo kuwa beddela siinaya fursado laambad oo ballaaran," Niewiadomska ayaa xusay. "Beddelayaasha shabakadda ee cidhiidhiga ah ee adduunka oo dhan waxay arkaan in UV LED uu yahay tiknoolajiyad la xaqiijiyay oo la isticmaali karo waxayna fahmaan faa'iidooyinka buuxa ee UV LED uu keeno - kharashka daabacaadda oo hooseeya, qashinka oo yar, soo saarista ozone la'aanta, isticmaalka eber ee laambadaha Hg, iyo wax soo saar sare. Muhiimad ahaan, badi beddelayaasha shabakadda ee cidhiidhiga ah ee maalgashadayaasha cadaadiska cusub ee UV flexo waxay la socon karaan UV LED ama nidaamka laambadda oo si dhakhso ah oo dhaqaale ahaan loogu cusboonaysiin karo UV LED marka loo baahdo."
Khad laba-bogsasho leh
Waxaa sii kordhayay xiisaha loo qabo tignoolajiyada laba-daaweynta ama isku-dhafka UV-ga, khad lagu daaweyn karo iyadoo la adeegsanayo nalalka caadiga ah ama UV LED.
"Waa la ogyahay," ayuu yiri Graunke, "in inta badan khadadka lagu daaweeyo LED ay sidoo kale ku bogsan doonaan nidaamyada nooca UV iyo UV (H-UV) ee lagu daray."
Köhn oo ka tirsan Siegwerk ayaa sheegay in guud ahaan, khad lagu daaweyn karo laambadaha LED-ka lagu daaweyn karo laambadaha caadiga ah ee Hg. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha khadadaha LED-ka ayaa aad uga sarreeya qiimaha khadadaha UV-ga.
"Sababtan awgeed, weli waxaa suuqa yaalla khad UV ah oo u gaar ah," ayuu raaciyay Köhn. "Sidaa darteed, haddii aad rabto inaad bixiso nidaam laba-daaweyn ah oo dhab ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad doorato qaacido isku dheelitirta kharashka iyo waxqabadka."
"Shirkaddayadu waxay horey u bilowday inay bixiso khad laba-daaweyn ah qiyaastii lix ilaa toddoba sano ka hor iyadoo adeegsanaysa magaca summadaysan 'UV CORE'," ayuu yiri Hinataya. "Xulashada sawir-qaadaha ayaa muhiim u ah khad laba-daaweyn ah. Waxaan dooran karnaa agabka ceeriin ee ugu habboon oo aan horumarin karnaa khad ku habboon suuqa."
Erik Jacob oo ka tirsan Kooxda Maareynta Waxsoosaarka ee Zeller+Gmelin ayaa xusay in ay jirto xiiso sii kordheysa oo loo qabo khad laba-daaweyn ah. Xiisahan wuxuu ka yimid dabacsanaanta iyo kala duwanaanta khadadahani ay siiyaan daabacayaasha.
"Khad laba-daaweyn ah ayaa u suurta gelinaysa daabacayaasha inay ka faa'iidaystaan faa'iidooyinka daawayn LED-ka, sida hufnaanta tamarta iyo hoos u dhigista kulaylka, iyagoo ilaalinaya iswaafajinta nidaamyada daawayn UV-ga ee dhaqameed ee jira," ayuu yiri Jacob. "Iswaafajintani waxay si gaar ah u soo jiidanaysaa daabacayaasha si tartiib tartiib ah ugu wareegaya tiknoolajiyada LED-ka ama kuwa ka shaqeeya isku-darka qalabkii hore iyo kan cusub."
Jacob wuxuu intaas ku daray in natiijadaas awgeed, Zeller+Gmelin iyo shirkadaha kale ee khadku ay horumarinayaan khad wax ku ool ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka daaweynta iyagoon wax u dhimayn tayada ama cimri dhererka, taasoo u adeegaysa baahida suuqa ee xalalka daabacaadda ee la qabsan kara oo waara.
"Isbeddelkan wuxuu iftiiminayaa dadaallada socda ee warshaduhu ku doonayaan inay ku cusboonaysiiyaan oo ay daabacayaasha siiyaan fursado badan oo deegaanka u wanaagsan," ayuu yiri Jacob.
"Beddelayaasha u wareegaya daaweynta LED waxay u baahan yihiin khad lagu daaweyn karo dhaqan ahaan iyo LED-ka labadaba, laakiin tani maaha caqabad farsamo, maadaama, waayo-aragnimadeenna, dhammaan khadadaha LED-ka si fiican ayay ugu bogsadaan laambadaha meerkuriga," ayuu yiri Hemmings. "Astaantan asalka ah ee khadadaha LED-ka waxay u suurtagelinaysaa macaamiisha inay si habsami leh uga gudbaan UV-ga dhaqameed una gudbaan LED-ka."
Niewiadomska ayaa sheegtay in Flint Group ay arkayso xiisaha sii socda ee tiknoolajiyada daaweynta laba-geesoodka ah.
"Nidaamka Dual Cure wuxuu awood u siinayaa beddelayaasha inay isticmaalaan khad isku mid ah oo ku yaal UV LED-kooda iyo mashiinka UV-ga ee caadiga ah, taas oo yaraynaysa kaydka iyo dhibka," Niewiadomska ayaa raaciyay. "Flint Group waxay ka horreysaa tignoolajiyada UV LED-ka ee daaweynta, oo ay ku jirto tignoolajiyada dual cure. Shirkaddu waxay hormuud ka ahayd khad UV LED iyo Dual Cure oo waxqabad sare leh in ka badan toban sano, waqti dheer ka hor inta aysan tignoolajiyadu ka dhigin mid la heli karo oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo sida maanta oo kale."
Ka saarista iyo dib-u-warshadaynta
Iyadoo ay sii kordhayso xiisaha loo qabo waaritaanka, soosaarayaasha khadku waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay wax ka qabtaan walaacyada ku saabsan khadyada UV iyo EB marka la eego ka saarista iyo dib-u-warshadaynta
"Waxaa jira qaar laakiin inta badan waa kuwo aad u yar," ayuu yiri Graunke. "Waxaan ognahay in alaabada UV/EB ay dabooli karaan baahiyaha dib-u-warshadaynta walxaha gaarka ah.
"Tusaale ahaan, INX waxay heshay 99/100 oo ay la socoto INGEDE si loogu sameeyo nadiifinta warqadda," Graunke ayaa yiri. "Radtech Europe waxay u xilsaartay daraasad FOGRA ah oo go'aamisay in khadadka UV-ga ee aan lagu tirtiri karin warqadda. Substrate-ku wuxuu door weyn ka ciyaaraa sifooyinka dib-u-warshadaynta ee warqadda, sidaa darteed waa in taxaddar la sameeyaa marka la samaynayo sheegashooyin dib-u-warshadayn ah oo ku saabsan shahaadooyinka.
"INX waxay leedahay xalal loogu talagalay dib-u-warshadaynta balaastikada halkaas oo khadku loogu talagalay inuu si ula kac ah ugu sii jiro substrate-ka," ayuu raaciyay Graunke. "Sidan, maqaalka la daabacay waxaa laga sooci karaa balaastikada ugu weyn inta lagu jiro habka dib-u-warshadaynta iyada oo aan la wasakhayn xalka dhaqidda caustic-ka. Waxaan sidoo kale haysannaa xalal aan la nadiifin karin oo u oggolaanaya balaastikada daabacaadda inay qayb ka noqoto durdurka dib-u-warshadaynta iyadoo laga saarayo khad. Tani waa wax caadi ah in filimada la dhimo si loo soo celiyo balaastikada PET."
Köhn wuxuu xusay in codsiyada balaastikada, ay jiraan walaacyo, gaar ahaan kuwa dib u warshadeeya, oo ku saabsan wasakheynta suurtagalka ah ee biyaha dhaqidda iyo dib u warshadeynta.
"Warshaduhu waxay horey u bilaabeen dhowr mashruuc si ay u caddeeyaan in si wanaagsan loo xakameyn karo nadiifinta khadeynta UV-ga iyo in dib-u-warshadaynta ugu dambeysa iyo biyaha dhaqidda aysan ku wasakhoobin qaybaha khad," ayuu yiri Köhn.
"Marka laga hadlayo biyaha la dhaqo, isticmaalka khadyada UV xitaa waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin ka badan tiknoolajiyada kale ee khad," ayuu raaciyay Köhn. "Tusaale ahaan, filimka la daaweeyay wuxuu ka soo saaraa walxo waaweyn, kuwaas oo si fudud looga sifeyn karo biyaha la dhaqo.
Köhn wuxuu tilmaamay in marka ay timaado codsiyada warqadda, ka saarista iyo dib-u-warshadaynta ay durbaba yihiin hab la aasaasay.
"Waxaa horey u jiray nidaamyo UV ah oo ay shahaado siisay INGEDE oo si fudud looga saari karo warqadda, si daabacayaashu ay uga faa'iidaystaan faa'iidooyinka tiknoolajiyada khad UV iyada oo aan wax u dhimayn dib-u-warshadaynta," ayuu yiri Köhn.
Hinataya ayaa sheegtay in horumarku uu horumar sameynayo marka la eego ka saarista iyo dib-u-warshadaynta walxaha daabacan.
"Warqadda, qaybinta khad buuxiya heerarka INGEDE ee nadiifinta birta ayaa sii kordheysa, nadiifinta birta ayaa noqotay mid farsamo ahaan suurtagal ah, laakiin caqabaddu waa in la dhiso kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha si kor loogu qaado dib-u-warshadaynta kheyraadka," ayuu raaciyay Hinataya.
"Qaar ka mid ah khadadaha la daweyn karo ee tamarta ayaa si fiican u xoqa, taasoo hagaajinaysa dib-u-warshadaynta," ayuu yiri Hemmings. "Noocyada isticmaalka dhammaadka iyo nooca substrate-ka ayaa ah arrimo muhiim ah oo lagu go'aaminayo waxqabadka dib-u-warshadaynta sidoo kale. Khadadaha la daweyn karo ee SolarWave CRCL UV-LED ee Sun Chemical waxay buuxinayaan shuruudaha Ururka Dib-u-warshadaynta Balaastikada (APR) ee ku saabsan dhaqidda iyo haynta mana u baahna isticmaalka astayaasha aasaasiga ah."
Niewiadomska ayaa xustay in Flint Group ay soo bandhigtay nooceeda Evolution ee primers iyo varnishes si wax looga qabto baahida loo qabo dhaqaale wareegsan oo ku jira baakadaha.
"Evolution Deinking Primer wuxuu awood u siinayaa in la nadiifiyo agabka gacmaha lagu dhaqo inta lagu jiro dhaqidda, iyadoo la hubinayo in calaamadaha gacmaha lagu dhejiyo dib loo warshadeyn karo iyadoo lala kaashanayo dhalada, kordhinta wax soo saarka agabka dib loo warshadeeyay iyo yareynta waqtiga iyo kharashyada la xiriira habka ka saarista calaamadda," ayuu yiri Niewiadomska.
"Evolution Varnish waxaa lagu mariyaa calaamadaha ka dib marka midabada la daabaco, iyadoo la ilaalinayo khadku iyadoo laga hortagayo dhiigbaxa iyo xoqidda inta uu saaran yahay khaanadaha, ka dibna hoos loogu sii marayo habka dib-u-warshadaynta," ayay raacisay. "Varnish-ku wuxuu hubiyaa in si nadiif ah loo kala saaro calaamadda baakaddiisa, taasoo u oggolaanaysa in substrate-ka baakadaha dib loogu warshadeeyo agab tayo sare leh oo qiimo sare leh. Varnish-ku saameyn kuma yeesho midabka khad, tayada sawirka ama akhrinta koodhka.
"Qaybta Evolution waxay si toos ah wax uga qabataa caqabadaha dib-u-warshadaynta, waxayna door ka ciyaartaa xaqiijinta mustaqbal adag oo loogu talagalay qaybta baakadaha," Niewiadomska ayaa soo gabagabeeyay. "Evolution Varnish iyo Deinking Primer waxay sameeyaan wax soo saar kasta oo loo isticmaalo si aad u badan oo ay ugu safraan si buuxda silsiladda dib-u-warshadaynta."
Harkins wuxuu arkay in xitaa marka si dadban loo taabto, ay jiraan walaacyo ku saabsan isticmaalka khad UV ah oo leh baakadaha cuntada iyo cabitaanka iyo sidoo kale saameyntooda hababka dib-u-warshadaynta. Arrinta ugu weyn waxay ku saabsan tahay u guurista suurtagalka ah ee sawir-qaadayaasha iyo walxaha kale ee ka imanaya khadku u gudbayaan cunto ama cabitaanno, taasoo keeni karta khataro caafimaad.
"Daadinta-ka-saarista waxay ahayd mudnaan sare oo loogu talagalay daabacayaasha diiradda saaraya deegaanka," ayuu raaciyay Harkins. "Zeller+Gmelin waxay soo saartay tiknoolajiyad cusub oo u oggolaan doonta in khadku uu ka baxo habka dib-u-warshadaynta, taasoo u oggolaanaysa balaastig nadiif ah in dib loogu warshadeeyo alaabada macaamiisha. Tiknoolajiyaddan waxaa loo yaqaan EarthPrint."
Harkins wuxuu sheegay in marka laga hadlayo dib-u-warshadaynta, caqabaddu waxay ku jirtaa iswaafajinta khadku iyo hababka dib-u-warshadaynta, maadaama qaar ka mid ah khadadaha UV ay carqaladeyn karaan dib-u-warshadaynta walxaha warqadda iyo balaastikada ah iyagoo saameeya tayada walxaha dib loo warshadeeyay.
"Si wax looga qabto walaacyadan, Zeller+Gmelin waxay diiradda saareysay horumarinta khad leh sifooyin socdaal oo hooseeya oo hagaajinaya iswaafajinta hababka dib-u-warshadaynta, iyo u hoggaansanaanta xeerarka si loo hubiyo badbaadada macaamiisha iyo waaritaanka deegaanka," ayuu yiri Harkins.
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-27-2024
